Two lecturers at Messina University are under investigation for alleged links with the Calabrian Mafia, the 'Ndrangheta. More than 50 arrest warrants have been issued for suspected Mafia members. Investigators said the Mafia had "contaminated administrative and academic functions ... exerting pressure in favour of certain students". They said the 'Ndrangheta used co-operative academics to help students pass exams.