University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
About the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Basic information and contact details for the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
A public university founded in 1817, the University of Michigan had a rustic beginning. At its campus in Ann Arbor, west of Detroit, cows owned by the faculty once grazed, and as late as 1845, wheat was grown on site as part of a janitor’s remuneration.
By 1866, the university had become the largest in the country. Now, the University of Michigan is one of the biggest research universities in the United States. It boasts alumni including Gerald Ford, former US president; Larry Page, co-founder of Google; and actor James Earl Jones, the voice of Darth Vader.
The university’s sporting tradition began in 1865, and its sports teams, collectively known as the Michigan Wolverines, have won more than 50 national championships in 12 sports. Why the wolverine became the university’s mascot is a mystery, as although the nickname caught on in the middle of the 19th century, the first verified sighting of the animal in Michigan state did not occur until 2004.
Michigan’s mission is to serve the people of Michigan and the world through “preeminence in creating, communicating, preserving and applying knowledge, art, and academic values, and in developing leaders and citizens who will challenge the present and enrich the future”. It offers 250 undergraduate majors, 100 doctoral and 200 master’s programmes, as well as more than 1,400 student clubs.
The university has no shortage of bizarre traditions. On campus sits “The Cube”, a huge black object so finely balanced on one corner that students can spin it around despite its great weight. One myth is that the president gives it a push each morning in order to keep the campus running smoothly.
When students first arrive at Michigan they walk through a campus fountain to make them an “official wolverine”. After graduation, they walk the other way through the water, signifying their departure to join the professional world. And don’t step on the brass “M” at the centre of the campus, or exam failure awaits.
Rankings
Select the type of rankings below to see stats
Discover similar universities
Find out more about studying, research and jobs at these universities
suggested
Key Student Statistics
A breakdown of student statistics at the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- Student gender ratio
- 52 F : 48 M (1)
- International student percentage
- 19% (1)
- Students per staff
- 8.4 (1)
- Student total
- 48449 (1)
Based on data collected for the (1) World University Rankings 2026
Jobs you might be interested in
You may want to explore jobs from other universities which are relevant to you
See all
ARC_AIR - Postdoctoral Position in Earth Observation, AI, and Territorial Sustainability
Mohammed VI Polytechnic University
Morocco
Mohammed VI Polytechnic University
Morocco
Host Institution Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) is an institution dedicated to research and innovation in Africa, aiming to position itself among the world’s leading universities in its fields. The University is committed to economic and human development and places research and innovation at the heart of Africa’s progress. This approach enables UM6P to strengthen Morocco’s leadership in these areas through a unique model based on partnerships and by fostering the development of skills essential for Africa’s future. Located in the municipality of Benguerir, at the heart of the Green City, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University aspires to make a lasting impact at the national, continental, and global levels. About ARC_AIR – African Research Center on Air Quality and Climate: The African Research Center on Air Quality and Climate (ARC_AIR) is a research unit within UM6P dedicated to advancing scientific understanding and innovative solutions in the fields of air quality, atmospheric chemistry, and climate. ARC_AIR’s mission is to support sustainable development in Africa through high-impact research, capacity building, and technology transfer. The center brings together a multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers, and students working on addressing environmental challenges such as industrial emissions, urban pollution, and climate change impacts. ARC_AIR also collaborates closely with national and international partners to strengthen Africa’s contribution to global atmospheric science and to develop tools and strategies that guide evidence-based policymaking. Research Area Earth Observation Artificial Intelligence Climate Change Urban and Territorial Sustainability Water–Energy–Food Nexus Position Description African Research Center on Air Quality and Climate (ARC_AIR) of UM6P invites applications for a Postdoctoral Researcher position within an interdisciplinary research program focusing on the integrated analysis of climate change, urbanization, resource systems, and territorial performance, with a particular emphasis on Morocco, Africa, and semi-arid to arid regions. The postdoctoral researcher will contribute to cutting-edge research at the intersection of Earth Observation, geospatial analytics, artificial intelligence, climate and sustainability science, aiming to develop predictive, decision-oriented, and operational frameworks for climate-resilient and sustainable territories. Research Scope and Objectives The successful candidate will contribute to the following research axes: AI-driven territorial diagnostics and foresight, integrating multi-source satellite data with machine learning and spatial modeling Climate–water–energy–agriculture interactions, with applications to water scarcity, urban heat stress, air quality, and territorial resilience Land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) and its impacts on surface climate, ecosystem services, and socio-economic systems Urban and territorial sustainability indicators, observatories, and decision-support tools for policy and planning Energy demand and territorial energy metabolism, including building-scale, urban-scale and territorial-scale assessments Urban and peri-urban agriculture as climate-resilient territorial solutions Expected Contributions By joining this program, the postdoctoral researcher is expected to: Conduct independent and collaborative research leading to publications in high-impact international journals Develop and apply advanced geospatial, statistical, and AI-based methodologies Contribute to international research projects, reports, and proposals Support the supervision of graduate students and contribute to capacity building Engage in interdisciplinary collaboration with researchers, institutions, and stakeholders Candidate Profile Required Qualifications PhD in Remote Sensing, Geospatial Sciences, Environmental Science, Climate Science, Data Science, Urban Studies, or related fields Strong background in Earth Observation data analysis and/or spatial modeling Proven ability to publish in high impact peer-reviewed international journals Experience with machine/deep learning / AI applied to environmental or urban systems Familiarity with climate modeling, urban climate, urban agriculture, water resources, and energy systems Experience working in interdisciplinary or international research projects Interest in policy-relevant and impact-oriented research Application Procedure Interested candidates should submit the following documents: Cover letter outlining research interests and motivation Curriculum Vitae (including publication list) Research statement (1–2 pages) describing alignment with the research program One or two representative publications Contact information of two referees
Salary
Competitive
Posted
28 Jan 2026
Post-Doctoral Associate in Wireless Research Center
New York University Abu Dhabi Corporation
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi
New York University Abu Dhabi Corporation
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi
Description The newly established NYUAD Wireless Research Center at New York University Abu Dhabi, seeks to recruit a Post-Doctoral Associate (PDA) to engage in cutting-edge research on the development of omni-band wireless systems for 6G and beyond. The PDA will be jointly supervised by Elza Erkip, Qurrat-Ul-Ain Nadeem and Murat Uysal. Principal Responsibilities The PDA will conduct research on the physical layer and MAC layer design for wireless systems, particularly across multiple spectrum bands. The PDA is expected to actively disseminate results through publications in high-impact journals and presentations at leading international conferences. The PDA is expected to contribute to the intellectual property development through patent filings, as well as participating in international standardization efforts relevant to wireless technologies, in coordination with academic and industrial collaborators. Qualifications Applicants must hold a PhD degree in electrical/electronics engineering, telecommunications or related field. Other requirements include: Strong background in wireless communication systems and networks Expertise in physical layer and MAC layer design for wireless systems Proven track record of publications in relevant IEEE journals and conferences In addition to the above qualifications, it is highly desirable that the candidate has prior research experience in one or more of the following research topics: Resource allocation for wireless networks Radio resource management and mobility management Cognitive radio or adaptive communication systems, including dynamic spectrum access, band selection Heterogeneous network architectures, including terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks Deep learning for wireless communication problems, particularly in areas such as spectrum management, adaptive system design, or cognitive radio. The candidates will be considered until the position is filled. To be considered, all applicants must submit: Cover letter Curriculum vitae with complete publication list BSc, MSc and PhD transcripts Research statement elaborating how you plan to contribute to the above research topics Contact details of at least three references. All attachments should be in PDF format. If you have any questions about the position, please email NYUAD Wireless Director Prof. Dr. Murat Uysal at murat.uysal@nyu.edu The terms of employment are highly attractive: a very competitive salary, generous monthly housing allowance, home-leave travel allowance, relocation benefits, and medical insurance and educational subsidies for dependents. The expected starting date for the appointment is January 1, 2026. About NYUAD Wireless The overarching goal of NYUAD Wireless is to establish a globally recognized research and innovation hub dedicated to advancing the frontiers of wireless communications and shaping the networks of the future. As a newly established center, it represents a timely initiative that aligns closely with the UAE’s vision to lead in the digital era. Through close collaboration with industry and other stakeholders, NYUAD Wireless seeks to pioneer advancements in wireless technologies by providing robust theoretical foundations for leveraging new spectrum bands and addressing practical challenges in the design of cutting-edge wireless access and backhaul solutions. About NYUAD NYU Abu Dhabi is a degree-granting research university with a fully integrated liberal arts and science undergraduate program in the Arts, Sciences, Social Sciences, Humanities, and Engineering. NYU Abu Dhabi, NYU New York, and NYU Shanghai, form the backbone of NYU’s global network university, an interconnected network of portal campuses and academic centers across six continents that enable seamless international mobility of students and faculty in their pursuit of academic and scholarly activity. This global university represents a transformative shift in higher education, one in which the intellectual and creative endeavors of academia are shaped and examined through an international and multicultural perspective. As a major intellectual hub at the crossroads of the Arab world, NYUAD serves as a center for scholarly thought, advanced research, knowledge creation, and sharing, through its academic, research, and creative activities. EOE/AA/Minorities/Females/Vet/Disabled/Sexual Orientation/Gender Identity Employer UAE Nationals are encouraged to apply
Salary
Competitive
Posted
29 Jan 2026
Post-Doctoral Associate in Wireless Research Center
New York University Abu Dhabi Corporation
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi
New York University Abu Dhabi Corporation
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi
Description The newly established NYUAD Wireless Research Center at New York University Abu Dhabi, seeks to recruit a Post-Doctoral Associate (PDA) to engage in cutting-edge research on the physical layer design of next-generation wireless communication systems, with a primary focus on 6G technologies. The research will particularly emphasize spectrum candidates beyond the current 5G NR range, including FR3 (7–24 GHz) and the THz band (100 GHz and above). The PDA will be jointly supervised by Qurrat-Ul-Ain Nadeem, Marwa Chafii and Murat Uysal. Principal Responsibilities The PDA will conduct research on the design and development of next-generation wireless communication systems. Specific topics include, but are not limited to, waveform design for the THz spectrum under hardware constraints, beamforming techniques for FR3 and THz bands, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), and integrated sensing and communications (ISAC). The research methodology will involve the development of mathematical models for signal transmission and reception, derivation of fundamental performance limits, algorithmic-level system design, and performance evaluation through computer simulations and/or experimental validation. The PDA is expected to actively disseminate results through publications in high-impact journals and presentations at leading international conferences. The PDA is expected to contribute to the intellectual property development through patent filings, as well as participating in standardization efforts relevant to wireless technologies, in coordination with academic and industrial collaborators. Qualifications Applicants must hold a PhD degree in electrical/electronics engineering, telecommunications or related field. Other requirements include: Strong background in communication theory, signal processing, and wireless communications Proven track record of publications in relevant IEEE journals and conferences Extensive experience in physical layer algorithm design and performance analysis In addition to the above qualifications, it is highly desirable that the candidate has prior research experience in one or more of the following research topics: Waveform design for different RF bands (FR3, MMW, sub-THz/THz) Analog/digital/hybrid beamforming Integrated sensing and communication Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Hardware-constrained signal processing for wireless communications The candidates will be considered until the position is filled. To be considered, all applicants must submit: Cover letter Curriculum vitae with complete publication list BSc, MSc and PhD transcripts Research statement elaborating how you plan to contribute to the above research topics Contact details of at least three references. All attachments should be in PDF format. If you have any questions about the position, please email NYUAD Wireless Director Prof. Dr. Murat Uysal at murat.uysal@nyu.edu The terms of employment are highly attractive: a very competitive salary, generous monthly housing allowance, home-leave travel allowance, relocation benefits, and medical insurance and educational subsidies for dependents. The expected starting date for the appointment is January 1, 2026. About NYUAD Wireless The overarching goal of NYUAD Wireless is to establish a globally recognized research and innovation hub dedicated to advancing the frontiers of wireless communications and shaping the networks of the future. As a newly established center, it represents a timely initiative that aligns closely with the UAE’s vision to lead in the digital era. Through close collaboration with industry and other stakeholders, NYUAD Wireless seeks to pioneer advancements in wireless technologies by providing robust theoretical foundations for leveraging new spectrum bands and addressing practical challenges in the design of cutting-edge wireless access and backhaul solutions. About NYUAD NYU Abu Dhabi is a degree-granting research university with a fully integrated liberal arts and science undergraduate program in the Arts, Sciences, Social Sciences, Humanities, and Engineering. NYU Abu Dhabi, NYU New York, and NYU Shanghai, form the backbone of NYU’s global network university, an interconnected network of portal campuses and academic centers across six continents that enable seamless international mobility of students and faculty in their pursuit of academic and scholarly activity. This global university represents a transformative shift in higher education, one in which the intellectual and creative endeavors of academia are shaped and examined through an international and multicultural perspective. As a major intellectual hub at the crossroads of the Arab world, NYUAD serves as a center for scholarly thought, advanced research, knowledge creation, and sharing, through its academic, research, and creative activities. EOE/AA/Minorities/Females/Vet/Disabled/Sexual Orientation/Gender Identity Employer UAE Nationals are encouraged to apply
Salary
Competitive
Posted
29 Jan 2026
Junior Research Scientist in the Division of Science (Computer Science) – Dr. Keith Ross
New York University Abu Dhabi Corporation
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi
New York University Abu Dhabi Corporation
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi
Description The Deep Learning laboratory in the Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, seeks to recruit a Junior Research Scientist to work on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). The successful applicant will lead the labs music generation initiative. Our laboratory has expertise in deep learning, including deep reinforcement learning, large language models, and the theory of deep learning. The candidate will develop DRL algorithms for online and off-line tasks, for robotic applications and possibly for LLM reasoning applications in the future. The work will involve designing algorithms, running experiments on the HPC, analyzing the results and improving the algorithms. It will also involve extensive literature reviews. Applicants must have an undergraduate degree in computer science, have significant experience with deep learning with PyTorch, and have expertise in reinforcement learning. The applicant should have already completed several major projects in DRL. The applicant should also possess excellent mathematical and English skills. The terms of employment are very competitive and include housing and educational subsidies for children. Applications will be accepted immediately and candidates will be considered until the position is filled. To be considered, all applicants must submit a cover letter, curriculum vitae, transcript of degree, a one-page summary of research accomplishments and interests, at least 2 letters of recommendation, all in PDF format. If you have any questions, please email Dr. Keith Ross: keithwross@nyu.edu. About NYU Abu Dhabi https://nyuad.nyu.edu/en/ NYU Abu Dhabi is the first comprehensive liberal arts and research campus in the Middle East to be operated abroad by a major American research university. Times Higher Education ranks NYU among the top 30 universities in the world, making NYU Abu Dhabi the highest-ranked university in the UAE and MENA region. NYU Abu Dhabi has integrated a highly selective undergraduate curriculum across the disciplines with a world center for advanced research and scholarship. The university enables its students in the sciences, engineering, social sciences, humanities, and arts to succeed in an increasingly interdependent world and advance cooperation and progress on humanity’s shared challenges. NYU Abu Dhabi’s high-achieving students have come from over 120 countries and speak over 100 languages. Together, NYU's campuses in New York, Abu Dhabi, and Shanghai form the backbone of a unique global university, giving faculty and students opportunities to experience varied learning environments and immersion in other cultures at one or more of the numerous study-abroad sites NYU maintains on six continents. NYUAD is committed to upholding a culture of non-discrimination, anti-harassment, dignity, and mutual respect; providing equal access and opportunity; and fostering academic excellence in learning, research, and teaching. Students are drawn from among the world’s best. They are bright, intellectually passionate, and committed to building a campus environment anchored in mutual respect, understanding, and care. The NYUAD undergraduate student body has garnered an impressive record of scholarships, graduate-school admissions, and other global honors. Graduate education is an area of growth for the University; the current graduate student population of over 100 students is expected to expand in the next decade as doctoral programs are developed. Working for NYUAD At NYUAD, we recognize that Abu Dhabi is more than where you work; it’s your home. In order for faculty/academic staff to thrive, we offer a comprehensive benefits package. This starts with a generous relocation allowance; educational assistance for your dependents; access to health and wellness services; and more. NYUAD is committed to faculty/academic staff success throughout the academic trajectory, providing support for ambitious and world-class research projects and innovative, interactive teaching approaches. Support for dual-career families is a priority. Visit our website for more information on benefits for you and your dependents. Join NYU Abu Dhabi, an exceptional place for exceptional people. NYUAD values belonging and respect; such principles are fundamental to the university’s commitment to excellence. NYUAD is an equal-opportunity employer. We welcome applications from all qualified candidates and seek individuals who will contribute to our vibrant, multidisciplinary research and teaching community. Multidisciplinary research and exceptional teaching in a global campus community are hallmarks of the University’s mission.
Salary
Competitive
Posted
29 Jan 2026
Doctoral Researcher, ENERPOL MSCA Doctoral Network
University of Helsinki
Finland, Helsingfors (Helsinki)
University of Helsinki
Finland, Helsingfors (Helsinki)
Department of Economics and Management of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry invites applications for a Doctoral researcher, ENERPOL MSCA Doctoral Network. Within the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action (MSCA), University of Helsinki is offering a PhD fellowship for a Doctoral Candidate (DC), starting 1 September 2026 or as soon as possible hereafter. A position is for 36 months and is funded by the ENERPOL MSCA Doctoral Network. ENERPOL is a European research and training network (MSCA Doctoral Network) exploring the role of households in the green energy transition. It addresses challenges such as volatile energy prices, inequality, and household risk exposure, while developing policy-relevant insights for fair and efficient energy systems. A consortium of leading universities and non-academic partners will train 14 doctoral candidates in cutting-edge methods, theory, and transferable skills. More information may be found on the ENERPOL home page https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101226229 Project description The successful applicants will join a multidisciplinary EU-funded Marie Skłodowska-Curie International PhD training network. The doctoral position is based at the Department of Economics and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry at the University of Helsinki. The Doctoral researcher will be supervised by Professor Lassi Ahlvik and be located in the group of environmental and resource economics. Position: PhD Project - “Energy-related household inequality and energy poverty” The project uses Finnish household-level electricity data to study the effect of energy prices on electricity consumption and other behavioral outcomes. The project specifically aims to studying these effects by different household-level background characteristics, such as income levels or household types. Main supervisor: Professor Lassi Ahlvik (lassi.ahlvik@helsinki.fi) Job description Your key tasks as a Doctoral researcher at the Faculty of Economics and Management are to: Carrying through an independent research project under supervision. Completing PhD courses or other equivalent education corresponding to approximately 30 ECTS points. Participating in active research environments including all ENERPOL training events, a stay at another research team, and a secondment at an industry partner Obtaining experience with teaching or other types of dissemination related to your PhD project, and organizing events related to the network Writing a PhD thesis on the grounds of your project. Required qualifications As an applicant you must have: Qualifications corresponding to a master’s degree related to the subject area of the project (e.g., Economics, Environmental and Resource Economics or Applied Mathematics). Please note that your master’s degree must be equivalent to a Finnish master’s degree. Fluency in English and excellent communication skills. Applicants will also be required to meet the European Commission’s MSCA Doctoral Network eligibility criteria, notably: Mobility Rule - Applicants can be of any nationality and must not have resided or carried out their main activity (work, studies, etc.) in Finland for more than 12 months in the 36 months immediately before the start of their employment at University of Helsinki. Compulsory national service, short stays such as holidays, and time spent as part of a procedure for obtaining refugee status under the Geneva Convention are not considered. Doctoral Candidate requirement – the applicant must not be in possession of a doctoral degree at the first day of the employment. Researchers who have successfully defended their doctoral thesis but who have not yet been awarded the doctoral degree are not eligible. Please note that you will only be considered for the position if you fulfil both above eligibility criteria. Preferred qualifications Economics, including environmental and resource economics, with a strong quantitative orientation Key criteria for the assessment of applicants Professional qualifications relevant to the PhD project The ability to analyse and interpret large economic datasets The grade point average for relevant courses Experience with large datasets, administrative data, or advanced econometric methods. Strong written and verbal communication skills The successful applicant is also required to be enterprising and to possess good interpersonal skills Place of employment The workplace of the position is in Helsinki, Finland. Terms of employment The employment as Doctoral researcher is full time and limited to a period of 3 years. The start date is 1 September 2026 or after as agreed. The selected appointee must enroll as a PhD student at the University of Helsinki. The appointee should either already have the right to pursue a doctoral degree at the University of Helsinki by the start of the appointment or apply for the right and obtain it within six months of their appointment. If the appointee does not already have the right to pursue a doctoral degree at the University of Helsinki, it must be applied for separately, please see: https://www.helsinki.fi/en/research/doctoral-education/the-application-process-in-a-nutshell The salary is competitive and complies with the MSCA Doctoral Network: a monthly living allowance of 4731,80 euros, and a monthly mobility allowance of 710 euros. In addition, a monthly family allowance of 660 euros may apply if eligibility conditions are fulfilled. Please note that these are gross amounts, including compulsory deductions under national law, such as employer and employee social security contributions and direct taxes. At the University of Helsinki, ca. 30 % will be deducted from the amounts, which are still subject to personal income tax. Questions For further information, applicants may contact the main supervisor Lassi Ahlvik by email lassi.ahlvik(at)helsinki.fi Application procedure and further process Please submit your application, which includes the following documents in English, through the University of Helsinki’s recruitment system via the Apply Now button. A motivation letter describing why you are interested in this position and how you are qualified (max. 1 page) A curriculum vitae showing the applicants education, completed qualifications, work experience, potential list of publications and contact information of 2 references. Certificates/diplomas: scanned copies of diplomas and transcripts of relevant previous degrees. The closing date for applications is 18.2.2026. If you need support with the recruitment system, please contact HR Services (uni-help@helsinki.fi). WHY FINLAND AND HELSINKI Why Finland is a great place to live and work: https://www.helsinki.fi/en/about-us/careers/why-finland 10 reasons to work in Helsinki: https://www.helsinki.fi/en/about-us/careers/why-helsinki Support for international staff: https://www.helsinki.fi/en/about-us/careers/welcome International House Helsinki: https://ihhelsinki.fi Welcome to Helsinki: https://welcome.hel.fi/ About us The Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry is located on the Viikki campus, ten kilometres from the Helsinki city centre. The mission of the faculty is to promote the sustainable use of renewable natural resources through scientific research and research-based teaching. We focus on agricultural and forest sciences, food and nutrition, microbiology, as well as on economics and management. We cover the full natural resource chain from farm to fork, the entire field of forest sciences from soil chemistry to marketing, as well as the environmental effects of related activities. Graduates from the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry are versatile experts in biosciences and business, able to meet the needs of both the business sector and society at large. www.helsinki.fi/en/faculty-of-agriculture-and-forestry A diverse and equitable study and work culture is important to us. That is why we do our best to promote an inclusive university community. We encourage all qualified applicants from diverse backgrounds to apply for our positions. Click this link to read about accessibility and inclusivity at our University. JOIN US TO BUILD A BETTER WORLD – TOGETHER! #HelsinkiUniCareers
Salary
Competitive Salary
Posted
28 Jan 2026
Subjects Taught at the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
See below for a range of subjects taught at the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Arts and Humanities
- Architecture
- Art, Performing Art and Design
- History, Philosophy and Theology
- Languages, Literature and Linguistics
Business and Economics
- Accounting and Finance
- Business and Management
- Economics and Econometrics
Computer Science
- Computer Science
Education Studies
- Education
Engineering
- Chemical Engineering
- Civil Engineering
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- General Engineering
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Law
- Law
Life Sciences
- Agriculture and Forestry
- Biological Sciences
- Sport Science
Medical and Health
- Medicine and Dentistry
- Other Health
Physical Sciences
- Chemistry
- Geology, Environmental, Earth and Marine Sciences
- Mathematics and Statistics
- Physics and Astronomy
Psychology
- Psychology
Social Sciences
- Communication and Media Studies
- Politics and International Studies
- Sociology